How to make hot ice

A few months ago I found a cool experiment on YouTube, called „hot ice“. I tried to make the experiment myself, but I managed after several attempts, so it's not as easy as it looks. When I finally succeeded, I called my friends and showed them what I can do, they were amazed at my „supernatural powers“, of course everyone knew that was a trick. When I explained to them what's the trick, they all have tried, it kept us interesting few days.

If you plan to do this experiment, be very careful, because even if does not look so, many things can go wrong.


How can ice freeze without bringing it to freezing temperature? Make instant hot ice, of course. Impossible? Possible! By making crystals dissolve in hot water and letting the solution cool down, you can keep the crystals in aqueous form until you "trigger" the solidification. The mixture looks like ice and, because the crystallization is exothermic, the ice-like substance releases heat!





1)  Dissolve the sodium acetate trihydrate crystals. Dissolve as much sodium acetate as you can in hot, almost boiling water.

Create sodium acetate by mixing white vinegar and baking soda. If you do not want to create your own, you can buy on Amazon at a reasonable price. I recommend one of these packages SODIUM ACETATE - TRIHYDRATE 500 GRAMS - price 35  or  SODIUM ACETATE - TRIHYDRATE 100 GRAMS - price 14.95

    * Scoop the sodium acetate and place it in the pan. Shown here, it is gel-like because it was taken from a warming pad, but in most cases, it's in powder form. About a cup of sodium acetate is a good place to start.

    *Add water into your pan. You want to add just enough so that the sodium acetate dissolves. The key is to "pack" or "supersaturate" the water with sodium acetate, so don't add too much water. The less water you add, the more dense the solution will be, and the better the crystals.

    *Heat the mixture until it's almost boiling.

    *Stir the mixture constantly. This is where you actually dissolve the crystals. All of the powder should dissolve into liquid form until the solution can't "hold" any more, so there should be a little extra undissolved powder at the bottom. If there isn't, keep adding powder until the solution gets to that point. Remember, you want to pack as much sodium acetate in the solution as you can. It is very important to keep on stirring at this point of the project.


2)  When dissolved, pour the solution into a glass of any size. Make sure the remaining undissolved sodium acetate stays within the pan. Do not let undissolved material get into the glass.

3)  Cool the glass of the solution in the refrigerator for an hour or even 30 minutes (use your best judgment). What is happening here is that you're bringing the temperature below the temperature at which the solution is saturated. Normally, dissolved crystals crystallize again once you bring them below this point, but in this case, because you have the sodium acetate in a supersaturated solution, it "supercools" meaning that it goes below the normal temperature of crystallization without actually crystallizing.

4)  Pour your solution into a tray or container. Be careful not to spill any, and make sure the solution doesn't come into contact with any solid sodium acetate. This step is optional, but in case you want a better container in which to view the hot ice formation, here's your chance.

5)  Touch the solution with a bit of the solid sodium acetate on a toothpick. The solution should turn into a solid as soon as it is touched. By introducing a "seed" crystal, you just created a nucleation center, triggering the process of solidification.

6)  Feel the outside of the container with the newly formed solid. It should be warm (the solid is 130°F, 54°C) because the formation of crystals releases energy, and this is why sodium acetate is used in heating pads and hand warmers.



Tips:

# If you don't have sodium acetate, you can make your own from baking soda and vinegar, but it's time-consuming. Keep adding baking soda to vinegar until it stops fizzing; this reaction yields a diluted solution of sodium acetate and water. Then boil off all of the water to make sodium acetate crystals, which you can treat like the powder as described in the instructions above.

# You can make ice sculptures if you pour the solution onto a pinch of the solid crystals. The solution will turn into a solid when it comes in contact with the crystals, and will continue to solidify while you pour. The ice will soon tower up!

# Some chemistry notes:

    * The sodium acetate crystals dissolve; they do not melt (dissolving and melting are entirely different processes).
    * Also, dissolved crystals are aqueous; they are not liquid.


Warnings:

    * Do not touch the solution until it's cooled!
    * Also be careful not to inhale any solution. It's never a good idea to inhale chemicals.
    * Instead of refrigerator you can cool in cold ice bath for 15 minutes.


Things You'll Need:

    * Sodium acetate
    * Tray or container
    * Pan to nearly boil the water
    * Stove
    * Water

I borrowed this guide from www.wikihow.com, because I'm one of the authors.

Flying cars are coming

Cars that can fly long been the subject of science fiction, but advances in technologies will soon be able to ensure that flying cars, actually hybrids of vehicles and aircraft to become a reality.

Some of the first prototype could even appear on the market early next year - told the Voice of America. Aviator Steve Seint comes from a family of pilots. His father worked as pilotage in South America, where Steve spent his childhood. I grew up in the jungles of the Amazon in Ecuador, where there are no roads. So, if you want to travel - you must fly - says Steve.

He founded the „I-Tec“ company," Education and Technology Center for the indigenous peoples“ , he says that his main motivation in designing a prototype flying car, which he called "Maverick" was - functionality.

Our main focus are the people in remote areas, humanitarian workers and other activists. Need to find the commercial market here in America - says Steve.

"Maverick" can reach speed of 150 kolometers per hour ( 90 mph) on the highway. When throw the wings looks like some kind of parachute and can fly up to 100  kilometers ( 60 miles ) at a speed of 65 kilometers per hour (40 mph).



Operational manager airline company "Terrafugia" Ana Ditrik believe that in America there is a market for the experimental model and its companies, which they called "transition".
We wanted to show that the same car can fly, to travel by road, the wings folded in a reasonable time to one minute, and then can be parked in your garage - says Anna.
She added that her company is moving toward the next stage in the production of its model "transition".

It is envisaged that the first model to be delivered in 18 months, and the price of the first flying car should be around 200 000 dollars.

Opponents

Although it appears that these two models represent significant breakthroughs, some pilots and enthusiasts are less enthusiastic.

John Monet, founder of the "Sonnet aircraft“, the company that develops sports airplanes on electric power, said that this is an interesting idea, but that required too much.
Aircraft must be produced by different standards than cars, and when you combine, you get something that is very mediocre - says Monet.